The issue of individual differences among learners has thus far received the most attention from education researchers. Many teachers strive to develop a learning strategy with significant effect on the majority of learners. Through literature analysis, this study found that not only could Augmented Reality (AR) improve learning effectiveness, it could also reduce the impact of individual differences on learning outcomes. Therefore, this study designed a set of AR-aided teaching systems to help teachers supplement curriculum content using AR. Sixty-six participants from elementary schools were involved in this study. The results confirmed that AR can help learners to achieve better learning outcomes, and can effectively improve learning achievement in non-high-scoring groups, enabling them to perform closer to those in high-scoring groups and reducing the gap in overall learning level. This study also discovered that technological barriers could reduce the benefits of AR in teaching contexts. Authoring tools with low operating thresholds are valuable for AR-aided teaching systems.

The aim of the study is to investigate how Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) and Tangible User Interfaces (TUI) affect the creative design process in design education through cognitive load. A simple design problem was introduced to 30 design students in two groups. One group was provided with a TUI that was operationalized through a Desktop Augmented Reality Environment (AR) the other group was provided with a GUI that was operationalized through a Desktop Virtual Reality Environment (VR). After using the two systems the cognitive load of each interface was measure through the NASA TLX tool. Theories from cognitive psychology, information sciences, and design cognition were combined to provide an explanatory mechanism of how these media types affect the design process. The results indicate that epistemic action in TUI’s such as AR interfaces reduces cognitive load thereby reducing fixation in the design process and enhancing the creative design process.

Historical inquiry involves investigating compelling questions by analyzing historical sources to construct evidence-based accounts of the past. However, teaching students to do history is challenging. This paper discusses the design of CI-Spy, a mobile augmented reality system that explicitly teaches inquiry strategies and engages students to practice the doing of history in an augmented real-world context. As a case study for the design of the application, we de- signed and embedded multiple augmented reality activities within an instructional unit using a local historic site (the Christiansburg Institute, or CI). We conducted a pilot study with elementary students to learn how and to what extent AR technologies can sup- port learning inquiry strategies and processes. After using our system, students demonstrated a greater understanding of inquiry and gained significant insight into the hidden history of CI.

In recent years, due to deteriorating global warming, there has been increasing attention to home energy savings, which is often a serious and not so interesting task. In this regard, we proposed a playful eco-feedback system with bidirectionally interactive in-formation visualization in the form of a 3D pet-raising game, which synchronously visualizes the information of the physical environment with the virtual environment by leveraging IoT-enabled technologies in hopes of enhancing user experience and prolonging users' engagement in energy savings. The contribution of this study is twofold: (1) The bidirectional mapping be-tween the virtual and physical environments empowers a user with the ability to interact with the energy-saving system in a more flexible and playful way. (2) For reducing human interventions in energy savings, we also incorporate IoT (Internet of Things) enabled smart sockets to allow flexible remote control anywhere and anytime. In addition, integrating context-awareness with the bidirectional mapping in an energy-saving system also enhances the immersive experience of the users.

Urban thinkers look to optimising the design and operation of cities as part of the answer to environmental problems in the anthropocene. Analysing the meshwork of urban spaces and identifying the agency of its systems, particularly its new media ecologies is critical in any intervention into mixed and augmented realities. The city is a complex adaptive system with similarities – and significant differences – to digital networks. Mixed realities create a meshwork that mash both together, opening up new ways of relating to, being and playing in the world. How can this insight into urban space create new ways of engaging with – and creating – the world, especially via play as a creative force; through an imaginative re-engagement with the world, integration of timely information rather than disassociated layers of data and a systemic worldview that presents a mutable, fluid reality.

The aim of this work is to provide the elements to design an intersubjective augmented reality in order to make the augmented objects part of our everyday world. This work will analyse intersubjectivity from a phenomenological point of view using the works by Husserl and Schutz. Thanks to these two authors it will be possible to understand how our intersubjective world is constituted by highlighting its constitutive elements. Therefore, it will be possible to make the inverse process and to create an intersubjective augmented world. While phenomenology starts from an intersubjective world and it analyses how such an intersubjectivity it is possible, this work will start from the constitutive elements of intersubjectivity in order to apply them in augmented reality and to create an intersubjective augmented world. This work will be divided in two main parts. The first part of the work will focus on intersubjectivity from a phenomenological point of view and the second part will focus on the application of these elements on augmented reality. It will show how it is mandatory to create objects which could make us scream ``Ouch!'' while bumping into them and augmented presences which resist to us.

This paper explores the rise of paranoid perception. It reasons that in recent years, a distinctly paranoid and conspiratorial understanding of reality has emerged in mainstream society, one that brings opportunities and implications for mixed, alternate and augmented reality experiences, particularly in the realm of games. In discussing paranoia, this paper does not denote clinical paranoia, but rather the widely observed cultural tendency towards conspiracy thinking that has influenced mainstream understandings of reality, and in turn, represents opportunities for hybrid reality experiences. This paper does not aim to explain the reasons behind the presence of paranoid perception or to assess its validity or truth-value, but instead aims to recognise the pervasiveness of the phenomenon and to explore how it is being applied in hybrid reality games.

My research focus is on posthumanism: future biomorphic transformations and sculptural reconstruction of the human body. I work with digital–physical sculpture, data art, performance and contemporary technology and materials, such as 3D printing, attempting to reveal the future through bridging art, science, design and technology. My work investigates a presently topical discourse on the aspects of posthumanism theories, such as bioengineering, gender issues and outer space exploration. Philosophically, I lean on posthumanism theories, uncovered by Wolfe, Wennemann, Hayles, et al. I further these ideas into sculptural surfaces, enmeshing future skin concept and biomorphic transformations of the skin based on the data from the human body. Current research will result in a series of 3D printed sculptures, created in a data accurate approach—a visualisation of human's personal data, uncovering of philosophy, ethics and aesthetics of new medium—technology.

In this paper, we describe the creation, deployment and validation study of WildAR, a networked AR system that can be used to conduct user studies over long periods of time "in-the-wild", such as in museum settings. By combining four components: an AR game platform for implicit scaffolding of interactions, a web-based platform editor for real-time control of experiment variables, an automated participatory sensing system through smartphone sensors feeding back to an online database, and virtual experiment scene re-creation in VR using the data from the sensors, WildAR enables researchers to conduct user studies in museums efficiently and effectively.

Augmented Reality not only extends our perceiving and thinking of the world, but also provides new experience in enjoying entertainment contents as the new media. Still, most researches have focused on retrieving multimedia contents on AR platform, considering few contexts and less contemplated how to present contents and provide novel experience to people. Therefore, we design Location-based Film Experience in augmented place, to suggest the new way of providing multimedia contents on AR platform. For this service, comprehensive context awareness is the most important factor. It is possible when the system collects and analyzes various data from distributed computing recourses and infers the context of users and related objects. In this respect, it is essential to standardize and formulate metadata schema and we propose 5W1H metadata schema for context-aware multimedia service on AR platform in ubiquitous computing environment. The proposed 5W1H metadata schema helps users experience the retrieved video clips in places where they were filmed. People can watch a video clip where it is filmed and experience the real world as the background of the scene. We expect such place-aware AR services provide new ways of enjoying various videos as well as films and TV dramas.

For a digital clay modeling, AR technique is applied with highly cost-performed devices; web camera, print-out markers, and a pair of chopsticks, or "hashi" in Japanese. A user can build up a particle-based model by HASHI from scratch.

Tactile sense is a media and has been of interest to Engineering, Arts, Design, etc. We have proposed Tactile Score, which is a novel method for describing tactile sense referred to as the notation system of music scores, and we have investigated design principle of composing tactile senses. We propose a method for retransforming from Tactile Score to tactile sense by using haptic sound vibrations, SENSONIC = sense + sonic. We apply SENSONIC technology to a beauty device, which produces haptic sound vibrations (SENSONIC) translated from a Tactile score of massage for beauty treatment.

This article describes our initial experimental results more about how shadow cues on real space impact an individual’s ability to perceive the depth of objects in a 3D stereoscopic environment. During the course of developing direct touch interaction systems, we found that it was consistently difficult to control depth perception. We observed that users often had problems identifying the 3D location of virtual objects in binocular stereo vision, resulting in failure to touch the virtual object. To address this limitation, we developed and explored a technique to generate shadows in real space. The shadows of virtual objects were artificially generated and projected onto the floor of real space corresponding to the 3D locations of virtual objects. This setting was tested to evaluate whether these shadows improved an individual’s ability to perceive the depth of virtual objects. The effectiveness of the proposed method is herein discussed with the results.

This paper suggests a novel and interactive system for three dimensional games in mixed and augmented reality (MAR). The proposed system allows a user to interact with 3D virtual objects with accuracy by locating a source of light using simple light detecting algorithms. From our pilot study, our tangible system proved to be highly usable and beneficial for 3D MAR gameplay with inexpensive accompanying equipment. Here, we provide implementation details, present results from a pilot study, and outline future directions.

Currently, each medical discipline involved in assessing motor disorders in various patient groups is using subjectively scored clinical tests, qualitative video analysis, or cumbersome marker-based motion capturing. This extended abstract investigates the potential of a serious game implemented as Augmented Reality (AR) application to facilitate objective, quantitative and valid measures of the factors contributing to upper extremity motor dysfunction. First, the design process of the game and the system architecture of the AR framework are described. Second, a study about game engagement is presented based on an experiment we conducted with eight healthy people (aged between 52-79). The results of the study show that there is potential for engagement, but the usability needs to be improved before it can emerge.

We present a Markerless 3D Augmented Reality Application for virtual accessory try-on applications around human arm. The system is based on a Kinect sensor and a multi-layer rendering framework to render RGB, depth data and 3D model of accessories simultaneously. The aim is to support realistic visualization of virtual objects around human arm, by detecting wrist pose and handling occlusion for various interactive marketing and retail applications, such as virtual watch try-on.